Prostate Cancer Surgery
Prostate cancer is cancer that occurs in the male reproductive system organ called the prostate. The prostate is a small gland located just below the urethra and is part of the reproductive fluid. Prostate cancer causes uncontrolled growth in prostate cells and the cells become abnormal.
Prostate cancer is usually a slow-growing type of cancer, but in some cases it can be more aggressive and spread quickly. It is usually asymptomatic in the early stages and can be detected by routine screening tests (eg, PSA test and digital rectal examination).
Prostate cancer can be associated with a variety of factors, including age, race (more common in African-born men), family history, obesity, and certain genetic factors. Symptoms usually occur as the cancer progresses and may include:
- The need to urinate frequently, especially at night
- Weak or intermittent urine stream
- Difficulty or pain when urinating
- Numbness after urination
- Bloody urine or semen
Diagnosis of prostate cancer is made through methods such as medical history, physical exam, PSA testing, biopsy, and imaging tests (for example, transrectal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging). For definitive diagnosis, a sample of prostate tissue is taken and examined in the pathology laboratory.
Treatment of prostate cancer varies depending on the stage, size, speed and extent of the cancer. Treatment options may include active observation (monitoring), surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and immunotherapy. The treatment plan is determined by considering the patient’s lifestyle, general health status and preferences.
Prostate cancer treatment may require a multidisciplinary approach and may be guided by a urologist, oncologist, and other healthcare professionals. In addition to treatment, measures such as lifestyle changes, a healthy eating plan, regular exercise, and not smoking can help manage cancer.
It is important to see a urologist for more information about prostate cancer diagnosis or treatment options. Early detection and appropriate treatment can significantly improve the survival rates of men with prostate cancer.
Prostate Cancer Surgery
Prostate cancer surgery is a surgical procedure to remove the prostate gland. This surgery is done to stop the uncontrolled growth of cancerous cells and to prevent the spread of cancer. Prostate cancer surgery is usually performed with the following two methods:
- Radical prostatectomy: This is a surgical method that involves the complete removal of the prostate gland. Radical prostatectomy can usually be performed in three ways:
- Open surgery: This is the traditional method. The prostate gland is removed through an incision made through the abdominal incision.
- Laparoscopic surgery: This is a minimally invasive procedure performed by making several small incisions and inserting a camera and surgical instruments.
- Robotic surgery: This is a method similar to laparoscopic surgery, allowing the surgeon to perform more precise movements using robotic surgery systems.
- Transurethral resection (TUR): This is a procedure used to remove smaller prostate cancer tumors. Using a cystoscope (a thin tube) the bladder is entered and cancerous tissue is removed.
After prostate cancer surgery, patients usually stay in the hospital for a while and receive follow-up and support throughout the recovery process. During the postoperative period, some changes may occur in subjects such as urinary control and sexual functions. The healing process can be different for each patient, but it usually takes a few weeks to a few months.
Post-operative rehabilitation requires you to follow your doctor’s recommendations. Exercises can be done to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles to ensure urinary control. Regarding sexual functions, erection problems may occur in some patients, and in this case, your doctor may recommend appropriate treatment options.
Prostate cancer surgery is determined depending on the stage of the cancer and the general health of the patient. The most appropriate surgical method and treatment plan for each patient is determined by a urology specialist and oncology team.
It is important to speak with a urologist to learn more about prostate cancer surgery and to consider options for your individual situation.
Assoc.Prof. Tuncay TAŞ
Urology Specialist
Istanbul/ TURKEY